1984 Essays (994 words) - Nineteen Eighty-Four, Newspeak

1984 1984 The story 1984, by George Orwell, is set in the fictional country Oceania, in what is thought to be the year 1984, which consists of the Americas, the British Isles, Australia and part of Africa. The part of Oceania in which 1984 takes place is referred to as Air Strip One and is formerly England. Winston, the protagonist of the story, is faced with a conflict of extreme hatred against the ultimate antagonist, Big Brother. Big Brother is the leader of the political party of Oceania who controls not only actions, but also thoughts through the thought police and what are called telescreens. Winston falls in love with a girl by the name of Julia, and the two of them must decide on who to trust and who not to trust and eventually realize their ultimate fate for their unorthodox acts punishable by death. The two of them decide to trust a mysterious character by the name of OBrien, who turns out to the an agent of Big Brother, and betrays the both of them by pretending to be their allies i n an organization against Big Brother called the Brotherhood. Winston Smith is the protagonist of the story 1984. Winston is a man who seems to be an ordinary man in a world filled with corruption and evil. Winston is a round character in that he is a very fearful and ordinary man that the reader can relate with easily. Yet Winston is strong willed enough to try to make his situation better in a totalitarian society. In comparison to Winstons outlook on life at the beginning of the story, his character traits are developing, changing due to torture by the Party to force him to conform to the system of totalitarian government lead by Big Brother. In the beginning of the story, Winston strongly opposes the Party and their anti-memory tactics used to better control the population. Although Winston opposes the Party, he is still fearful of their power and this causes him to view the world from an extremely paranoid point of view, suspecting everyone and trusting no one. Upon seeing a particular girl, who later becomes his lover, he thinks of her, that she even might be an agent of the Thought Police. That, it was true, was very unlikely. Still, he continued to feel a peculiar uneasiness whenever she was anywhere near him. By the end of the story, Winston has been completely brainwashed and is now a strict conformer of the Party and, He loved Big Brother. Winston was no longer concerned with the unseen injustices of Big Brothers leadership, and to him, everything was alright. The struggle was finished. There are a number of ironies in the story 1984. One example of an irony is who turns out, in the end, to be trustworthy and who is eventually going to betray Winston and lead him to his ultimate fate. Winston does not in anyway trust Julia. When she is first introduced as a girl he often passed in the corridors. He did now know her name, but he knew that she worked in the Fiction Department, Winston is very suspicious of her and sees her as being more dangerous than most. A little bit into the story, Julia slips Winston a note saying I love you, and their ultimately crushing love affair begins. Another ironic thing in the story is not another situation, but rather the language of Oceania, Newspeak, is ironic in itself. Newspeak is the official language of Oceania, and thus the basis of communication throughout the people. But Newspeak is unique in that it is the only language that regularly loses words rather than gains them. The Party has formed this language in order to decrease t he amount of brain activity, thus narrowing the range of thought. Sociologist, Dr. Murphy, continually says, We think as we speak, and we speak as we think. This suggests that language, which is also the basis of communication, is directly related to the thought processes in the human mind. So, ironically, Newspeak ultimately brainwashed the citizens rather than, as all other languages do, increase the amount of expression and creativity. Throughout the story, 1984, there are

Difference Between Recession and Depression

Difference Between Recession and Depression There is an old joke among economists that states: A recession is when your neighbor loses his job. A depression is when you lose your job. The difference between the two terms is not very well understood for one simple reason: There is not a universally agreed upon definition. If you ask 100 different economists to define the terms recession and depression, you would get at least 100 different answers. That said, the following discussion summarizes both terms and explains the differences between them in a way that almost all economists could agree with. The Newspaper Definition of Recession The standard newspaper definition of a recession is a decline in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for two or more consecutive quarters. This definition is unpopular with most economists for two main reasons. First, this definition does not take into consideration changes in other variables. For example, this definition ignores any changes in the unemployment rate or consumer confidence. Second, by using quarterly data this definition makes it difficult to pinpoint when a recession begins or ends. This means that a recession that lasts ten months or less may go undetected. The BCDC Definition of Recession The Business Cycle Dating Committee at the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) provides a better way to find out if there is a recession is taking place. This committee determines the amount of business activity in the economy by looking at things like employment, industrial production, real income and wholesale-retail sales. They define a recession as the time when business activity has reached its peak and starts to fall until the time when business activity bottoms out. When the business activity starts to rise again it is called an expansionary period. By this definition, the average recession lasts about a year. Depression Before the Great Depression of the  1930s,  any downturn in  economic  activity was referred to as a depression. The term recession was developed in this period to differentiate periods like the 1930s from smaller economic declines that occurred in 1910 and 1913. This leads to the simple definition of a depression as a recession that lasts longer and has a larger decline in business activity. The Difference Between Recession and Depression So how can we tell the difference between a recession and a depression? A good rule of thumb for determining the difference between a recession and a depression is to look at the changes in GNP. A depression is any economic downturn where real GDP declines by more than 10 percent. A recession is an  economic downturn  that is less severe. By this yardstick, the last depression in the United States was from May 1937 to June 1938, where real GDP declined by 18.2 percent. If we use this method then the  Great Depression  of the 1930s can be seen as two separate events: an incredibly severe depression lasting from August 1929 to March 1933 where real GDP declined by almost 33 percent, a period of recovery, then another less severe depression of 1937-38. The United States hasn’t had anything even close to a depression in the post-war period. The worst recession in the last 60 years was from November 1973 to March 1975, where real GDP fell by 4.9 percent. Countries such as Finland and Indonesia have suffered depressions in recent memory using this definition.

Effects of pollution Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Effects of pollution - Assignment Example This essay discusses the effects of specific pollution with regard to human health, land, water, and land. Pollution is one of the aspects that have a detrimental effect on human health. This occurs in various ways. For instance, over the years, agriculture has experienced major technological developments in order to enhance food production. To a considerable extent this has also resulted in improvement in the standards of health and safety for those individuals working in agriculture. This is through their enhanced awareness of personal protection and awareness of hazards. However, there remains much to be done in order to improve the health status of individuals and prevent injuries that are related to agriculture. This is because agriculture continues to expose individuals to long term health risks. The modern farming practices contribute to respiratory illness and exposures. These expose individuals to several acute and chronic respiratory diseases. Mostly, people in agriculture are exposed to organic dusts, toxic gases, and biaerosols. Similarly, exposure to inorganic dusts from soil components that have silicates results in nodules and macules. Additionally, exposure to pesticides results in differernt adverse effects on humans. For instance, reproductive effects include miscarriages and preterm delivery, as well as infertility among women that are highly exposed. Furthermore, various studies show that the modern farming practices are a cause of hearing loss among the individuals exposed. Notably, the current farming practices include high levels of noise from vacuum pumps and tractors, among other machineries that exceed the standard noise levels by OSHA (Schenker, M. & Kirkhorn, 2011). Apart from modern farming practices, municipal service also does have a negative impact on human health. Municipal waste is the waste that is generated from homes, schools, small businesses, and shops. This waste is collected by local authorities,

Leadership Paper Business Internship class Term

Leadership Business Internship class - Term Paper Example The apparent vacuum in leadership manifests in the employees poor performance and low productivity. The management seemed to have credibility issue as employees are resistant from any initiative that comes from the Management. Tardiness is also high and so is absenteeism while employee attrition rate is alarming and is costing the management time and resources in training new employees. There is also an apparent discord within the organization as petty quarrels are prevalent among the employee which prevents them to work as a cohesive team. Morale is also low. From what I can deduce from how I was oriented and my initial observation with few casual interviews from employees, there seemed to be a credibility issue with the leadership in the organization. This was validated when I did my initial background research on the issue on how the previous manager fared. I found out that the previous manager was fired due to professional ineptness and questionable professional ethical behaviour in the organization. I surmise that the current leadership credibility issue and low morale in the organization was the result of the previous manager’s professional deportment and leadership. ... Take into consideration the role of the leader; leadership skills and strategies the leader will employ; relationship to others involved in the plan; resources needed to implement the plan; specific activities, etc. Leadership is important in an organization not only to get things done but also to set the direction of the organization. And because of this imperative, leadership has to be present in all aspects of organization as Quinn (1996) argues that leadership is a state of being that people can enter into irrespective of their formal role or position within an organization. . . it as a shared property of the group such that all members of the group, regardless of their formal role or position, participate in the leadership process (Carson, Tesluk, & Marrone, 2007; Morgeson, DeRue, & Karam, 2010; Pearce & Conger, 2003). My immediate plan when I assume office is to repair the broken relationship among the employees and its discord with the management. I also intend to open the com munication line to address the seemingly low morale of the employees as attrition rate is alarmingly high. From what I surmised, the employees seem not to believe in what the management is telling them as it has a credibility issue. Such that I am in a precarious situation to implement remedial measure. Relationship is tough to mend for â€Å" understanding and cooperation of superiors, peers, and subordinates, it takes time to build these relationships† (Kayser, 1973). My initial strategy as a manager is to come to the organization unobtrusively. As I assume office, I will first establish rapport with my employees. There will be initially nothing serious to be taken but just present myself to them as a human being who also feels just

ASIAN HUMANITIES RESEARCH PAPER Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

ASIAN HUMANITIES - Research Paper Example This reinforced Guru Nanak’s conviction in the importance of man and his fate rather than any metaphysical doctrine which classified and segregated people according to a caste system. In the early casteless Sikh community, lower caste Hindus and those considered as â€Å"untouchable†, euphemistically termed as Harijans or God’s people were allowed to become members of the Sikh community (Kapoor 5109). However, over time, through the influence of other already- existing religions such as Hinduism where a rigid caste system prevailed, Sikhs became differentiated into castes and sects. Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the claim that there is no caste system in Sikhism. Caste differentiations in Britain, the existence of lower caste Sikh communities, and the discriminations they have to face will be identified and examined to prove that caste system does exist among the Sikhs. In the early centuries of its evolution, Sikhism had no differentiation into a hierarchy of caste groups. During the first two hundred years of the Sikh religion beginning from the mid-fifteenth century, a line of Gurus or preceptors guided the community. The tenth in line, Guru Gobind Singh (1666-1708), dissolved the position of the personal Guru, and vested the Gurus’ authority both in the Adi Granth or original book of Sikh scripture, as well as in the Panth or community (Mann 2001). Gradually differentiation into various caste groups emerged in the Punjab in India, the home state of the Sikhs and other Punjabis, and persisted among Sikh communities living in other parts of the world. At the sub-identity level today, caste forms a major divisive factor in Sikhism. However, the majority of Gurudwaras or Sikh places of worship in Britain belong to the Sikh mainstream composed of Jats, they do not discriminate between

High And Low Involvement Product

High And Low Involvement Product Intel Corporation is founded by Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore in year 1968, and allocated at United States, and slowly grow to be the leader of the market of microprocessor market. Microprocessor is one of the part of the computer and most of the people called it as the brain of the computer, it actually help to transfer data from the computer to the other data storage and respond to the hardware for an example show the word we type on monitor and others. From year 1968, Intel Corporation start to introduce several famous series of microprocessor like MCS-40 family, Pentium series, Atom series, Core 2 Duo series, i3 series,i5 series and the latest i7 series. For this assignment that brand or series of microprocessor introduced by Intel will be Intel Core i7 series which as know as the best microprocessor for the time. High and Low involvement decision making For Intel microprocessor product such as i7, it actually could be categorized in to both level of involvement. For the consumer who wanted to have a very good performance and long lasting processor they will do lots of research on the certain products and for the consumer who always purchase the Intel processor are also a high level of brand loyalty due to their purchase history in processor is just Intel, most of them will have a feeling that they only want Intel as the processor but not others like AMD, beside that Intel Core I7 also consider as a high price product compare to the other microprocessor. So in this case, Intel i7 is a high involvement products but at the same time due to the risk taken by the consumer to purchases it actually it just a low involvement product. Consumer decision making process Consumer decision making process is a cognitive process which start when a awareness of needs of the consumers and it ends when the consumer have dispose that particular product or service. In consumer decision making process, there are numerous different model but in this assignment the model that we will go through deeply will be the 5 stages of consumer decision making process. http://www.web-books.com/eLibrary/Books/B0/B64/IMG/fwk-tanner-fig03_002.jpg The Five Stages of Consumer Decision Making Process The five of the consumer decision making process will be, need recognition, search for product information, product evaluation, product choice and purchase, postpurchase use and evaluation of product, disposal of the product. Need recognition In this stage, consumer will concerned about what they want. For an example, a consumer actually found out that they need a better computer to play games or to do work, then they will start determine that what kind of processor they actually need, a better performance microprocessor come with a high graphic support for gaming or just a normal microprocessor for normal usage. Search for Product Information When the customer recognized what they want, they will look for information about microprocessor. For an example, there is a customer who realizes that he need a high performance of microprocessor for gaming then he will started to look for information of the existed product no matter from Intel or AMD. Product Evaluation When the customer finished on looking information in the microprocessor market, they might start to compare several product deeply to ensure which one will be the best for him to purchase. For gaming usage, the customer might choose Intel Core I7 and AMD Opteron as the choices available due to the performance that the product that can supply, and they might choose other product like Intel Core 2Duo or AMD Turion for their choice just because of the cheaper price and durability for normal usage. Product Choice and Purchase When the customer finish compare the featured between the microprocessor they choose, they will come to this stage to choose the product which they think is the best and purchase it mean the customer might purchase Intel Core I7 because after comparison they found out this microprocessor can provide a better performance and the reputation of this product is also good compare to the other microprocessor after the research made. Post purchase uses and Evaluation of the Product After consumes of Intel Core I7, the customer will come to this stage to evaluate whether Intel Core I7 meet their expectation or it did not. The features that the consumer will evaluate might the performance of the microprocessor whether is it fast enough or smooth enough when they playing game and how long is the microprocessor last for, few months or few years. These attribute will be the features that the consumer will evaluate after they consumer or used the product. Psychological Core Attention From this advertisement, it actually attracts attention of the people while people saw it. This advertisement actually mentions that there is a series of new microprocessor being introduced to the market by Intel through the sentence stated in the advertisement. From this advertisement, it also mentions that the brand new series of the Intel microprocessor will also be faster and even smarter compare to the old series of the microprocessor. And this kind of attention we called it as selective attention. Intel also created a very popular stimulus attention to most of the consumer which is a start up sound of the Intel computer, and this unique sound have been memorized by most of the Intel user and they will know that while this unique sound started up when the people on their computer, their microprocessor must be Intel. Perception The brochure above is one of the products from Intel Core I7 series with the information. When there is a consumer going to a PC Fair and he received this brochure and he does not having any interest on getting a microprocessor, he will know the exists of this product but will not go deeply on it and this is one of the perceptual stage that we called exposure stage. For attention stage, that customer who in the PC Fair when he get this brochure and he having a intention of getting a good microprocessor for gaming or any other usage they will read this deeply and do the research of this product and compare to the other product and at the end they might create a certain sense to this product which might be fastest processor that he can be founded and when the sense is created, it will be another perceptual stage which we call interpretation stage. Motivation Motivation is a inner force which able to drive us to reach the target or goal set to achieve, the inner force might be desires or wishes. For motivation there actually 2 famous theories which able to apply to product and services which is: Maslows Hierachy of Needs W. J. McGuire psychological motives W. J. McGuire psychological motives W. J. McGuire had list out 16 different needs of motive and from this advertisement we know that this actually attract 2 of the needs that have been listed. Needs of stimulus is the first needs that created by this advertisement, this need actually mention that the consumer will always seeking for change due to the boringness or some other reason. So while consumer have been fed up with the old computer which giving a very slow performance. And they will start to look for the information and might adopt Intel Core I7 to fulfill their needs. Teleological need is the second needs created by the advertisement while the consumer always think that their microprocessor should be able to support their computer to run the game fast and smooth but at the end it actually unable to do so. So they will try to look for a new item which able to fulfill their ideal situation, the microprocessor will able to make the game fast and smooth so when they saw the sentence fastest processor on planet, this will attract them and they might try to adopt it to fulfill their need. Learning A consumer might be learns about the featured of the processor due to the performance and durability while the people around him purchase a different microprocessor. So while there is a reward and a punishment given through the evaluation of product from the consumer, he might adopt Intel Core I7 because it might get a better evaluation from the others Memory For consumer who not so interested on purchasing a processor, they would not pay much attention on the attributes of Intel Core i7, so the memory toward the featured of the product is just a short memory while there is a consumer who being very motivated to search for a ideal processor, he will go and do lots of research and comparison between Intel Core i7 and the other processor while he keep doing comparison and research, the memory against the product will slightly change to be a long term memory due to the time he went through it. Attitude Attitude is the feeling on what we feel on certain thing that we can see, touch or heard through our sensory organ and this will be a part of long term memory in our brain and the long term memory will slowly be a belief. While we use Intel processor and we actually satisfy with the product through the durability and the performance, so through the experience we will create a certain belief in Intel that the quality of product is the best and this is a long term belief in our heart and brain. While this belief is stay strong in our mind, other competitors like AMD is very unlikely to convince them to purchase AMD processors. In year 2006, Intel runs a marketing strategy which consists 3 basic strategies that used to change the attitude. The 3 basic include will be change belief, shift importance and changing ideal point. The marketing strategy actually is running a campaign named Sponsor of Tomorrow. In this campaign, Intel trying to change the belief of customer which think that they are just a business organization by telling them the company is not only a business organization but also a company which trying to create a better future through technology and they also trying to tell the consumer that the money is not so important while customer paying a higher price for Intel microprocessor, they also giving a fund to Intel as a sponsor of creating a better tomorrow. Besides that, Intel also trying to changing a ideal point of consumer towards a microprocessor when they are purchasing a Intel microprocessor, they are not obtaining a best processor but also helping Intel to build a better tomorrow. Culture Culture is a ways of life which including but not limited to, language, art, science, thought, spirituality, social activity and interaction. Culture actually is words that represent the entire element mentioned and it would always change due to the different environment that we stay and we born. Nowadays as a modern world, among the teenagers around 7 years old to 20 years old there is a new culture, which called gaming culture. Gaming culture is a culture that the people would enjoy on playing video or computer games and this actually lead to increase of demand of the service of cyber cafà ©, due to the increment of demand. To satisfy the needs and wants from the teenagers cyber cafà © will always need to upgrade their facilities which consists of ram, processor, sound card and the monitor. Intel Core i7 as the latest and the fastest processor will be one of the first choice for those cyber cafà © because it able to provide better performance and the better performance will able to increase the reputation and the sales of the shop. So due this kind of situation, the gaming culture actually increases the awareness of Intel Core i7 among the cyber cafà © to improve their facilities and business. Subculture Subculture is a segment of a culture which having a different social status, history background and belief. For gaming culture, there also a numerous subcultures, such as online gaming culture, Local Area Network (LAN) gaming culture and single playing game culture. For online gaming and single playing game culture, those gamer will most likely to play the game at home but not like the Local Area Network gamers who prefer to play at cyber cafà © to enjoy the group gaming, they would like to upgrade their own computer at home to enjoy the games, so they will pay attention the Intel Core i7 which have a better performance compare to the others and do certain research and purchase it to enjoy their games. Society Society formed by a group of people decided to work together to reach same target or goal. The goal might be form by entertainment, profession, religious or some other factors. For an example, there a group of teenagers who like to play games and have decide to come together just to form a society to enjoy the fun of the game while they started to enjoy game together, they will started to compare the function of the processor due to the performance given when they playing game. Intel Core i7 as the fastest processor will be aware by those people in sense of good performance and able to maximize the satisfaction on gaming. Life cycle stage Life cycle stage consists of 4 different stages which represent our life and started with the day we born. The stages in our life cycle will be child, teenager, adult and aged. Child is the stage while we had born and before 12 years old, teenager will start from 12 years old to 30 years old people, adult will be stage around 30 years old to 50 years old, and the aged will be the people who is exceed 50 years old. For different life cycle stages, people will have different needs and wants with different purchasing power due to the ability they have. For child, they would not have a high purchasing power so they cannot afford a luxury thing and they might not even know what the use of luxury goods, they would just simply like candy which adult and the aged would not adopt. For the segmentation of Intel, Intel Core i7 actually is targeting the teenagers which would like to play game with a good processor and this product is actually affordable for people who around 22 years old once th ey start working. Group The reference group that will help Intel to influence other will be the associative reference group. While there are a group of teenager are using Intel Core i7 for gaming, the new member who not using that product will feel uncomfortable while they talking about the performance of the computer, this lead to the awareness of that member on Intel Core i7 to do research or purchase it Segementation, Positiong and Target Market Intel Core i7 TM Intel Pro 2 Core Intel Core i3 AMD Phenom MCS-40 family Intel Core i5 AMD Opteron Intel Xeon Low Performance Less Innovative High Performance Performance Innovative Asus AMD Turion AMD Athlon Intel Pentium Series AMD K7 series Graph 1: Perceptual mapping against microprocessor available in market (without a support from a statistic data) Segmentation Segmentation is a marketing strategy that used to pick a small group of people from the entire market by different attributes like ageing, height, weight and others. http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/index.php?option=com_contentview=articleid=54%3Apopulation-updated-31072009catid=35%3Akey-statisticsItemid=53lang=en Demographic Demographic is one of the best information to segment the market through the ageing, for Intel, they actually targeting the segmentation of the age of 15 to 30, because for this ageing area, most of the citizen will interested to have a better performance of processor for gaming so this actually categorise as Intel Core i7 targeted market. Target Market For Intel Core i7 targeted market will be the consumer is age of 15 to 30, due to the favourable on getting a high performance processor for gaming and following the trend of innovative. Because of this reason, Intel would not like to target the age which is below 15 or above 30 is because of the purchasing power of peopl below 15 is unable to afford that processor and people who above 30 will not interested on the innovative item and the performance of the processor for gaming as well. Positioning In most of the consumer perceptual mapping, Intel Core i7 actually is the lastest and its also the best product due to the confident tag line it having fastest processor on planet and lead to a trend that they think that this is the best product compare to other product like AMD Opteran, Intel i3 and i5 from the speed performance of processor and the graphic supply as well. Product Repositioning For every product, consumer will have a different perceptual mapping against them and their competitors, to reinforce the perceptual level of consumer against their product, most of the company will choose to use different packaging, advertisement slogan and others factors which is useful. For an example, Intel Core i7 advertisement will be one of the product repositioning, due to the sentence wrote in the advertisement fastest processor on the planet this actually did reinforce the perceptual level of the consumer against Intel Core i7 due to the performance level and innovative level because this product is the fastest processor in the planet nowadays, if without this sentence, the perceptual level of consumer will definitely drop. Product Mix Strategy Product Intel Core I7 processor having a better performance and better durability and high graphic support which able to attract the attention of the gamer in the market at the range of age between 20 to 30 years old. Price The cheapest Intel Core I7 processor in Malaysia will cost around RM800.00 which could be consider as a expensive product compare to the other competitors or other Intel product. Intel Core I7 consider as a valuable purchase even those the price is slightly expensive compare to the other due to the performance and the durability given by the product and the licensed operating system Window will also given free while consumer purchase a Intel processor. Place Intel Core I7 processor is a very common processor that able to be found in any IT retailer shop. Except IT retailer shop, Intel Core I7 also can be found in most of the laptop or desktop retailer shop like Dell, Hp Compaq, Acer and Logitech. Promotion In Malaysia, Intel did not do much of the promotion, there just a little advertisement of Intel in Malaysia which mostly appear in Astro TV at ESPN channel, even those not every citizen will aware of Intel Advertisement but there still will be a grow of awareness increase from the advertisement.

Primary Behavior Changes of MDMA :: Illegal Drugs Ecstasy Medical Essays

Primary Behavior Changes of MDMA As an attempt to define the primary versus secondary (or side effect) behavior changes, I will first discuss the differences between the two. One way to separate the two will be to refer to the primary behaviors as those that occur during the use of the drug. This time span will include the behaviors that occur from the point of ingestion through the time when the effects of the drug wear off (approximately 4-6 hours after ingestion). At this point I will go on to discuss the secondary effects on behavior and how they are a result of the primary effects. With this distinction made, it will make the comparison easier to follow and understand. One of the first, and most commonly reported, behavior changes is that of a created sense of, or feeling of, empathy towards all individuals. In many this feeling is a dominating force that enables communication in an outwardly expressive manner, much different than is normally expressed if the participant were to be in a sober state. As a result, MDMA was slated for use in the medical field by psychologists and psychiatrists who were interested in these qualities as an aid in therapy. With lowered inhibitions and a willingness to express one's inner thoughts and feelings, many therapists were convinced that the drug would have very important therapeutic advantages. These advantages would be clearly expressed in cases where months of therapy had little effect on creating an inviting space where patients could feel comfortable with sharing in the presence of a therapist. Under close supervision, the therapeutic consequences could be priceless to the individual who potentially would be able to overcome a traumatic experience. With this being only one of the primary behavior changes associated with the use of MDMA, it's easy to see how the complexity of such a drug can be easily underestimated. When viewed from an outside perspective, someone in such a euphoric state would appear to be very outgoing and accepting of many types of people. It's this sense of compassion towards all people that has created a phenomenon that expresses itself in the form of large dance parties, called raves. People get together to enjoy music, dance, drugs, and most of all each other. In a heightened state of awareness, participants are

The articles’ aims are similar in their exploration

The three essays, â€Å"Islam is Not the Solution (or the Problem)† by Daniel Brumberg, â€Å"Is There an Islamic Civilization?† by Yilmaz Esmer, and â€Å"The Clash of Civilizations?† by Samuel Huntington present a look at civilization as a dominant factor, in particular the role of an Islamic civilization, on a national and global level.The articles’ aims are similar in their exploration of what it means to be a Islamic civilization and the effects this is having and will continue to have economically, politically, and culturally for people residing in these countries and nearby.All of the writers, in the course of making and proving their hypotheses, attempt to define what it is to be a civilization. Civilization, as Samuel Huntington explains, â€Å"is a cultural entity [†¦] a civilization is thus the highest cultural grouping of people and the broadest level of cultural identity people have short of that which distinguishes humans from other spe cies† (24).Civilizations differ from each other along the lines of history, language, culture, tradition, and religion. In â€Å"The Clash of Civilizations?† Huntington takes a look at western civilizations in relation to non-western civilizations, including but not limited to Islamic civilizations.Huntington states that it is his belief that civilization identity rather than national identity will be of ever increasing importance and that the most important conflicts will â€Å"occur along cultural fault lines† (25). If you read the news from the Middle East on any given day, you can easily see Huntington’s ideas come to life. In Iraq, for instance, the biggest conflicts that now exist are not threats from other nation’s but rather from the inside, particularly along religious lines.Huntington uses primarily history as the springboard for his theories, noting the changes in Islamic and European countries (citing heavily Russia as an example).In â⠂¬Å"Is There an Islamic Civilization?† Yilmaz Esmer attempts to use past hypotheses and statistical numbers to show the value indicators, which can define Islamic civilization. He notes in the beginning of his essay that a large majority of people in secular but Islamic-dominated countries will first identify themselves as Muslim and then identify themselves by their nationhood. I found this very interesting, being an American. I imagine, if you asked any given group of U.S. citizens how they identify themselves, one of their first responses would be American and then their religious affiliation.In the course of the article Esmer is able to show through World Values Survey statistics that there are certain defining factors to Islam in connection with values.The most notable differences among Islamic nations and civilizations from non-Islamic nations and civilizations lie in gender equality and the importance of faith. As Huntington notes in his article, â€Å"economic moderni zation and social change [†¦] weaken the nation state as a source of identity. In much of the world religion has moved in to fill this gap† (26).Unlike Huntington and Esmer’s essays, Daniel Brumberg’s essay â€Å"Islam is Not the Solution (or the Problem)† does not concentrate on the definition of civilizations, namely Islamic, but rather explores how best the West can work with Islamic civilizations and nations with a large Islamic base to explore democracy and overcome the current autocracies that are the norm. One of the points I found the most interesting about Brumberg’s essay was his exploration of the role identity plays in the bridge between democracy and the present autocracy of many Islamic countries. Islam faces a unique challenge in supporting a democracy.As he explains, â€Å"barriers are so formidable that, for the foreseeable future, any effective engagement with Islamist will require dealing with activists, many of whom espouse ideas profoundly at odds with U.S. notions of democracy and freedom† (98). In some of these countries, religion is so imbedded in the political framework it seems almost impossible to extract it. Brumberg makes the case for non-Islamic groups to gain a voice alongside (not instead of) the Islamic majority.From reading the three essays, I am able to draw my own conclusions on Islamic civilization and the role it will play in world politics. I think it is obvious that there is such a thing as Islamic civilization, as Esmer’s conclusion and Huntington’s history proves.As noted before, simply watch the news on any given night or check out the world news section and there is bound to be an article positive, negative, or neutral on the signs of Islamic civilization in the world. But all of the essays still leave me wondering what’s next? Will, as Brumberg advocates, the Islamic states shed their autocracies and allow non-Islamic interest groups to gain a hold i n governing these nations? Will the ideological breaks between civilizations cause even bigger breaks within?Works CitedBrumberg, Daniel. â€Å"Islam is Not the Solution (or the Problem).†Esmer, Yilmaz. â€Å"Is There an Islamic Civilization?†Huntington, Samuel P. â€Å"The Clash of Civilizations?†

Carver and Conflation essays

Carver and Conflation essays Humans are never completely satisfied. They always manage to find something about themselves-their looks, their job, their social status-that is substandard. The discontent with ones self often arises when he compares himself to another. The comparison leads to envy or jealousy and even a want to be the other person. Thus is the case of Bill and Arlene Miller in Robert Carvers short story Neighbors. The Millers are a middle class couple not completely satisfied with their mundane life, especially when they constantly compare it to that of their neighbors Jim and Harriet Stone. Carver effectively expresses his theme of mans incapability for total satisfaction by utilizing the paradox that makes a theme what it is. Carver conflates the identifiable images of the Millers and the Stones with a unique and eerie exaggeration of what people do when house-sitting for their neighbors. At first glance, the Millers and the Stones are normal. Carver introduces, as well as compares, the couples as follows: Bill and Arlene Miller were a happy couple. But [...] they felt they alone among their circle had been passed by somehow [....] They talked about it sometimes, mostly in comparison with the lives of their neighbors, Harriet and Jim Stone. It seemed [...] that the Stones lived a fuller and brighter life. (63) Bill and Arlenes occupations as an unassuming bookkeeper and a mere secretary respectively, do not give them the chances to be as socially active as the Stones who frequently entertain and vacation on the accord of Jims job as a salesman. Within their social circle and by their comparison, the Millers perceive themselves as inferior, causing envy and jealousy of the Stones. The couples social group is no different than that of an average persons in the sense that there is a recurrent tendency to compare. The chance to exp ...

Statistical Concepts Essays - Evaluation Methods, Formal Sciences

Statistical Concepts Essays - Evaluation Methods, Formal Sciences Statistical concepts Statistical concepts are used in various aspects on industry. The following highlights the use of statistics in these industries: Accounting/Auditing, Insurance, and Medical (Pharmaceutical). In the accounting/auditing field, it is imperative that the auditor makes an effort to determine that financial statements are stated accurately and free of material error (appear to be stated accurately). To accomplish this task, auditors utilize test methods that include statistical sampling of accounting transactions payroll, accounts payable, accounts receivable, journal entries, etc.. This statistical approach is used for validating (determining the accuracy) financial statements through limited test work. This limited test work is based on the statistical approach of how a population reacts ie, a small sample of the population is generally representative of the entire population. The use of statistics provides the auditor with a tool that provides comfort in the amount of test work required to achieve ?adequate" scope coverage to meet a representative sample of the financial scope. This use of statistics provides an auditor with a lower cost approach to substantiate accuracy this is important to both the auditing firm and the industry being audited. Another industry that utilizes statistics on a daily basis is the insurance industry. In fact, this industry relies on statistics to help forecast its bottom line results. The typical insurance company uses statistics to determine approval rates for clients, while providing coverage (life, medical, dental, etc.) and turning a profit. For example, an insurance company might use statistical concepts to determine the trend of a population. This statistical approach might be used to determine the likelihood of a population incurring extreme medical needs, birth rates, or surgery. The results of this approach help the insurance company project the probability of incurring medical, dental, and/or life claims and therefore, enables the company to establish premium rates that delivery profitable results. The medical/pharmaceutical industry is another major industry segment that utilizes statistical concepts on a daily basis. Statistical concepts are used to determine the appropriateness of distributing new drugs (ie, determine the likelihood of drug interactions). This is an example of how statistics truly have a very favorable or detrimental impact on daily life. Again, population trending is used to determine whether or not a drug should be released to the general public (based on the results of a small sample size) for consumption. As indicated, statistical concepts play a key role in various industries. These concepts determine not only how we work but also how we live.

Multi axis milling machine Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Multi axis milling machine - Assignment Example This discourse compares two multi axis milling machines for the correct selection. There are several considerations made before purchasing any machinery, whether meant for domestic or industrial applications (Anderson, 2008). The majority of people like going with companies or manufactures with good reputations or brand names. It is assumed that good companies are likely to produce quality products to maintain their top positions in the market. One is likely to go for cheaper machinery to cut on expenditure hence increased revenue. However, it is important to apply some economic principles before settling on particular cost (Bradley, 2005). A machine might have cheaper buying price but high installation or maintenance cost. Durability and the ability to handle large volume of work is vital in multi axis milling machines among other industrial machinery. I will consider two multi axis milling machines from two different manufactures before advising the relevant authority on the best. It is also important to procure machinery associated with advanced technologies to meet the customers’ demand. CNC Express TM Milling Machine CNC Express TM Milling Machine is one of the best current multi axis milling machines in the market. It is considered fast with 150 revolutions per minute, hence suitable for the modern cutting designs. The machine is made by the CNC Ltd but available in major machinery stores within and without the United States (Dunfee, 2004). It is high speed is also a subject of the modern or latest DriveRack powered technologies. The machine has a Heidenhain controller which ensures reliability in both input and output Opto-isolated mechanisms (Makhanov, 2007). It beats the rest of multi-axis milling machines which rely on direct connections or printer ports for their operations. It is compatible with several latest operating systems like Window 7, Windows 8 and Windows Vista among others. It also supports USB motion controller that makes in contro llable through modern appliances with USB slots like the tablets and mini laptops among others. The machine comes with five year warranty provided its components are not interfered with. Furthermore, the main machine comes with extra components like chip tray, stand, accessories and professional crating as bonus or extras. The machine operates on a single phase connection with 115 to 230 AC voltage with good speed and frequency. It has cooling slots to reduce its temperatures when handling large volumes of work (Gillam, 2010). This is through automated oil sprayer which can be adjusted to control the amount of coolant applied in the rotating parts. It also has a spindle control to prevent the rotating parts from wobbling or interfering with its revolutions. The machine beats its competitors with its anti-backlash ball screws to maintain its conventional and milling operations in a precised direction and motion. This limits the chances of the blade breaking among other faults. Furthe rmore, the ball screws maintain accurate circular or contour cuts without twisting or breaking the blades. The machine provides attractive powered cuts with repeatable tracks should there be certain amendments or adjustments in the working designs. The machine comes with low cost accessories to enable cheap maintenance or replacements in case of breakage or faultiness. The machine is designed through international standards meaning it accommodates standard tools as well as accessories in case of

How Alternative Medicine Has An Impact On Mainstream Medicine Essay

How Alternative Medicine Has An Impact On Mainstream Medicine - Essay Example The mainstream treatment processes in these diseases do not cure fully and produce numerous side effects, which no patient would like to live with. It will not be out of place to examine the things in above perspectives. â€Å"Alt Medicine† speaks about the numerous alternative medicines that have its origins in many ancient treatment systems such as Ayurved from India or Herbal Treatment System originated from the China. Over the years, several other treatment processes came into existence and went on influencing the masses depending upon the complexities about the illness. At times, the cost and personal belief system also plays a crucial role in moving the patient toward alternative medicine. (Alt Medicine) Mainstream medicines have side effects. To cure arthritis and gout, physicians prescribe the drugs, which are mostly NSAIDs that usually provide relief from pain. Although, they are highly effective yet they have severe side effects too. â€Å"NSAIDs Side Effects† distinctly mentions that NSAIDs instill stomach cramps, drowsiness, diarrhea, heartburn, edema (swelling of the feet), nausea and much of the discomfort. NSAIDs carry a risk of causing heart attacks, stroke, clotting, which could be fatal. The risk is proportionate to the dosages. (NSAIDs Side Effects) Thus, it is well established fact that mainstream medicines have numerous side effects. It will be most appropriate to examine some of the alternative medicines in above context In the â€Å"Alternative Treatment for Arthritis?† mangosteen is described as an alternative medicine to cure arthritis. Mangosteen is a tropical fruit naturally grown in East Asian countries like Thailand, Indonesia, Burma, and Sri Lanka. Its extraordinary ability to cure lies in a compound called xanthones, which is abundantly available in the rind of this fruit. Alternative medicines derived from the mangosteen are largely used by patients suffering from Arthritis. (Alternative Treatment for Arthrit is) â€Å"Properties of Xanthones† argues that xanthones are the most powerful antioxidants provided by nature in mangosteen. Being a natural product, it has no side effects even the patient continues to take it for a long period of time. Xanthones are known to have antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial effect and thus found to be curing numerous diseases. It is not surprising that people turn to such alternative form of medicines to cure their chronic ailments which are troubling them for a long time. Xanthones are known to destroy bacterias such as salmonella typhi (causing typhoid fever) and tuberculosis bacteria. (Properties of Xanthones) Benefit of xanthones or for that matter mangosteen concentrates is scientifically an established fact. Furthering the argument, another alternative medicine is worth exploring. â€Å"Pure Acai Berry Capsules† categorically describes about the similar medicinal properties of Acai Berry, a kind of fruit found in South and Central Ame rica. Acai Berry is being used in preparation of many alternative medicines to cure various illnesses. Acai Concentrate in form of powder and liquid is available as an alternative medicine to cure various diseases. (Pure Acai Berry Ca